Dyno100 Health Metrics Glossary

Arterial Stiffness Index

Arterial Stiffness Index (ASI) is a number that correlates with arteriosclerosis. Because arteriosclerosis reduces flexibility in arteries, the higher the ASI, the more likely someone is to have hardening of the arteries, the lower the number, and the less likely.

Retrieved from J. R. Greenwood. Arterial Stiffness Index. http://www.newlinemedical.com/images/Medical/cardiovision_pdfs/ASI%20Explanation.PDF

Atrial Fibrillation

A reentrant cardiac arrhythmia marked by rapid randomized contractions of the atrial myocardium, causing a totally irregular rapid atrial rate. It is recognizable on an electrocardiogram by the absence of P waves and an irregular ventricular response. It may be controlled by drug therapy or cardioversion.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Atrial Tachycardia

atrial tachycardia a rapid heart rate, between 140 and 250 beats per minute, with the ectopic focus in the atria and with no participation by the atrioventricular node or the sinoatrial node. It is recognizable on the electrocardiogram because the P wave precedes the QRS complex, as opposed to being merged with it or following it. This condition is usually associated with atrioventricular block or digitalis toxicity.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Atrioventricular

Pertaining to or connecting an atrium and ventricle of the heart.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Acetone (Version 2)

A colorless, volatile, flammable liquid; extremely small amounts are found in normal urine, but larger quantities occur in the urine and blood of people with diabetes, sometimes imparting an ethereal odor to the urine and breath.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Blood Pressure

When your heart beats, it pumps blood round your body to give it the energy and oxygen it needs. As the blood moves, it pushes against the sides of the blood vessels. The strength of this pushing is your blood pressure.

Retrieved from Blood Pressure UK. What is blood pressure? http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Bloodpressure

Basal Temperature

Basal temperature is the lowest body temperature attained at morning changes reflect body cycle and correlation to various health conditions. It is measured immediately awakening and before any before any physical activity has been undertaken which is ideal prior to brushing teeth as normal for Dyno system. There is also correlation to Ovulation for certain population of women.

Blood Oxygen Saturation (SPO2)

The saturation of arterial blood with oxygen as measured by pulse oximetry, expressed as a percentage.

Retrieved from: Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Blood Hemoglobin (Version 2)

An iron-containing protein present in the blood of many animals that, in vertebrates, carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body and carries carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Hemoglobin is contained in the red blood cells and gives these cells their characteristic color. Multi-wavelength analysis required (4 or more frequencies) for extensive analysis and can be done only in Tran’s missive mode which Dyno is designed with this characteristic.

Retrieved from: Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography is a commonly used, noninvasive procedure for recording electrical changes in the heart. The record, which is called an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), shows the series of waves that relate to the electrical impulses which occur during each beat of the heart. The results are printed on

paper or displayed on a monitor. The waves in a normal record are named P, Q, R, S, and T and follow in alphabetical order. The number of waves may vary, and other waves may be present.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

eTCO2

This metric is also used for Capnography feature which is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO. 2) in the respiratory gas.

Gives insight into alterations in ventilation, cardiac output, distribution of pulmonary cardiac output, distribution of pulmonary blood flow and metabolic activity.

Ethanol

Systematic chemical name of ethyl alcohol, also commonly called ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol is the principal alcohol found in alcoholic beverages produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

A measure of changes in emotional arousal recorded by attaching electrodes to any part of the skin and recording changes in moment-to-moment perspiration and related autonomic nervous system activity.

Retrieved from Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Humidity

The level of moisture in the atmosphere, which varies with the temperature. The percentage is usually represented in terms of relative humidity, with 100% the point of air saturation, or the level at which the air can absorb no additional water.

Heart rate

Velocity of the heart's beat, recorded as the number of beats per minute.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

HRV

Heart Rate (HR), or Heart Pulse (HP) or Pulse Rate (PR), is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of poundings of the heart per unit of time, typically beats per minute (bpm). HRV provide estimation of variability of HR.

Your pulse starts in your heart, with your heart beat. Every heart beat causes a pulse in your arteries. Your heart rate is the number of times your heart contracts (beats) in one minute.

The source of a pulse: The heart. A heartbeat is a contraction of the heart's muscle, forcing blood to move through arteries. An electrical impulse causes the cardiac muscle to contract. An average healthy adult heart rate is 60 to 80 beats per minute. For older adults, normal is considered 60 to 100 beats per minute. Women generally have a higher rate than men.

Hypercalcemia

A condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with the way your heart and brain works. There are markers in ECG QRS complex that measured differentially can provide correlation in certain group of population that can then augment blood samples for validation by physician.

Hypocalcemia

Lower-than-normal level of calcium in the blood, which makes the nervous system highly irritable, as evidenced by tetany (spasms of the hands and feet, muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, and overly active reflexes). Chronic hypocalcemia contributes to poor mineralization of bones, soft bones (osteomalacia), and osteoporosis. In children, hypocalcemia leads to rickets and impaired growth. Treatment involves increased dietary intake of calcium or calcium supplementation and measuring effectiveness of such medication. There are markers in ECG QRS complex that measured differentially can provide correlation in certain group of population that can then augment blood samples.

Hyperacute T wave

The earliest electrocardiographic finding of ST-elevation MI (STEMI) acute myocardial infarction is sometimes the hyperacute T wave, which can be distinguished from hyperkalemia by the broad base and slight asymmetry. This may also be seen in Prinzmetal angina.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

The arithmetic mean of the blood pressure in the arterial part of the circulation, it is calculated by adding the systolic pressure reading to two times the diastolic reading and dividing the sum by 3.

Intrathoracic obstruction (Version 2)

Intrathoracic airway obstruction: Form of airway obstruction in which the site of airway narrowing is below the thoracic inlet; can be variable (reduction in expiratory but not inspiratory flows) or fixed (reduction in both inspiratory and expiratory flows).

Oral temperature

The body temperature as recorded by a clinical thermometer placed in the mouth. It is normally around 98.6° F (37° C), but it may vary within a fraction of a degree, depending on the individual and such factors as time of day, sleep, and exercise and whether measured before or after a meal. See also normal temperature.

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

Premature arterial contractions, also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria.

Pulse transit time

Pulse Transit Time (PTT) is the time it takes the pulse pressure waveform to propagate through a length of the arterial tree. The pulse pressure waveform results from the ejection of blood from the left ventricle and moves with a velocity much greater than the forward movement of the blood itself.

Retrieved from BIOPAC system, Inc., https://www.biopac.com/application-note/pulse-transit-time-and-velocity-calculation/

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Premature heartbeats, arise from irritable foci from within the myocardium in either the atrium or ventricle or close to the A-V node (junctional premature beats). They may cause irregularity of the heartbeat but they can be accurately identified only by the use of an electrocardiograph.

Photoplethysmogram (PPG)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple optical technique used to detect volumetric changes in blood in peripheral circulation. It is a low cost and non-invasive method that makes measurements at the surface of the skin.

Retrieved from News Medical Life Sciences. By Susha Cheriyedath . http://www.news-medical.net/health/Photoplethysmography-(PPG).aspx

Perfusion Index (PI)

The ratio of the pulsatile blood flow to the non-pulsatile static blood flow in a patient's peripheral tissue, such as fingertip, toe, or ear lobe. Perfusion index is an indication of the pulse strength at the sensor site. The PI's values range from 0.02% for very weak pulse to 20% for extremely strong pulse. The perfusion index varies depending on patients, physiological conditions, and monitoring sites. Because of this variability, each patient should establish his own "normal" perfusion index for a given location and use this for monitoring purposes.

Retrieved from Amperor USA Direct. https://www.amperordirect.com/pc/help-pulse-oximeter/z-what-is-pi.html

Respiration rate

Frequency of breathing, recorded as the number of breaths per minute.

Retrieved from Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Systolic

The phase of blood circulation in which the heart's pumping chambers (ventricles) are actively pumping blood. The ventricles are squeezing (contracting) forcefully, and the pressure against the walls of the arteries is at its highest.