Left - Lake with no filter. Right - Lake with polarizer and-2-stop hard edge grad. Notice how much ´poppier´ this shot is. The grad reduces the sky´s intensity. The polarizer adds contrast to the clouds in the sky and intensifies its colour. It also removes the water´s reflections thus saturating its colours.

Left - Tire with Polarizer and-2-stop-hard-grad. Right - Tire with a Polarizing filter plus a 2-stop-hard-edge grad and-a 5-stop solid-ND filter. Note the movement of the foreground brush and the softness in the clouds. This was achieved by using the solid ND filter to get a slow shutter speed.

The effect of a polarizer on its own. Left - No polarizing filter. Right - The polarizing filter lets you see through the water by eliminating the water´s reflectivity. With the reflections removed, the colour is much more saturated.

• Camera lens filters still have many uses in digital photography, and should be an important part of any photographer´s camera bag. These can include polarizing filters to reduce glare and improve saturation, or simple UV / haze filters to provide extra protection for the front of your lens

• The most commonly used filters for digital photography include polarizing (linear / circular), UV / haze, neutral density, graduated neutral density and warming / cooling or color filters
• Example uses for each are listed below:

Filter Type	Primary Use	Common Subject Matter
Linear & Circular Polarizers	Reduce Glare Improve Saturation	Sky / Water / Foliage in Landscape Photography
Neutral Density (ND)	Extend Exposure Time	Waterfalls, Rivers under bright light
Graduated Neutral Density (GND)	Control Strong Light Gradients Reduce Vignetting	Dramatically Lit Landscapes
UV / Haze	Improve Clarity with Film Provide Lens Protection	Any
Warming / Cooling	Change White Balance	Landscapes, Underwater, Special Lighting

• Filters should only be used when necessary because they can also adversely affect the image. Since they effectively introduce an additional piece of glass between your camera´s sensor and the subject, they have the potential to reduce image quality. This usually comes in the form of either a slight color tint, a reduction in local or overall image contrast, or ghosting and increased lens flare caused by light inadvertently reflecting off the inside of the filter
• Filters may also introduce physical vignetting (light fall-off or blackening at the edges of the image) if their opaque edge gets in the way of light entering the lens (right example). This was created by stacking a polarizing filter on top of a UV filter while also using a wide angle lens-causing the edges of the outermost filter to get in the way of the image. Stacking filters therefore has the potential to make all of the above problems much worse

• Lens filters generally come in two varieties: screw-on and front filters. Front filters are more flexible because they can be used on virtually any lens diameter, however these may also be more cumbersome to use since they may need to be held in front of the lens. On the other hand, filter holder kits are available that can improve this process. Screw-on filters can provide an air-tight seal when needed for protection, and cannot accidentally move relative to the lens during composure. The main disadvantage is that a given screw-on filter will only work with a specific lens size
• The size of a screw-on filter is expressed in terms of its diameter, which corresponds to the diameter usually listed on the top or front of your camera lens. This diameter is listed in millimeters and usually ranges from about 46 to 82 mm for digital SLR cameras. Step-up or step-down adapters can enable a given filter size to be used on a lens with a smaller or larger diameter, respectively. However, step-down filter adapters may introduce substantial vignetting (since the filter may block light at the edges of the lens), whereas step-up adapters mean that your filter is much larger (and potentially more cumbersome) than is required
• The height of the filter edges may also be important. Ultra-thin and other special filters are designed so that they can be used on wide angle lenses without vignetting. On the other hand, these may also be much more expensive and often do not have threads on the outside to accept another filter (or sometimes even the lens cap)

FEATURES

• Produce a slow-motion effect - control bright light and increase field depth with this lens filter
• Camera filters allow you to improve contrast, saturation, sharpness and color balance
• Enhance your photography with this lens filter
• Filters remove reflections from non-metallic surfaces like water and glass
• Lens filters protect your camera without affecting overall color balance
• Images appear clearer with better contrast and improved color saturation, such as with blue skies and white clouds
• Filters also provide protection from the lens and are ideal for digital and traditional 72mm cameras
• ND2: Reduce one gear of the aperture, average transmittance of 50%
• ND4: Reduce two gear of the aperture, average transmittance of 25%
• ND8: Reduce three gear of the aperture, average transmittance of 12.5%
• Diameter: 72mm
• Color: Black

Package Includes

• 1 x 72mm Neutral Density ND2 Filter